Formación de profesores en la interrelación arte, educación y cultura: una mirada sobre patrimonios posibles.

Este texto reflexiona sobre la formación para la enseñanza de las artes visuales, señalando cruces entre arte, educación, cultura y patrimonio y presentando situaciones en las que la educación artística dialoga con los contextos contemporáneos. En mi propuesta, el debate sobre patrimonio cultural, así como las acciones pedagógicas relacionadas con estas cuestiones, pretende avivar los procesos de formación de los maestros para la enseñanza del arte basada en experiencias pedagógicas trabajando con situaciones donde las fronteras entre las instancias académicas se desafían constantemente. Busco estimular el interés investigativo por las culturas populares, el arte público o el arte en el contexto de comunidad, que generan cuestiones de identidad, memoria, patrimonio y acervo cultural, entre otras cosas, escapando de la centralización de conceptos hegemónicos sobre lo que es «arte», o sobre nociones determinadas de lo que se debe enseñar en cuanto a arte. El texto presenta un ejemplo de cómo cuatro estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Artes Visuales en la Universidad Federal de Goiás-Brasil - en el año 2006 enfrentó estos retos propiciando la aportación de la experiencia del estudiante, su familia y la comunidad para el plan pedagógico de enseñanza en el Museo y la escuela. Palabras clave: formación, enseñanza artística, arte, cultura, patrimonio. Abstract: This text reflects on the training process for the teaching of the Visual Arts, pointing out a crossings between art, education, culture and heritage and presenting situations in which arts education dialogues with contemporary contexts.  In my proposal, the debate on cultural heritage, as well as the pedagogical actions related to these issues, it aims to enliven the processes of formation of art teachers  based on pedagogical experiences which works with situations where the boundaries between academic institutions constantly challenge. I stimulate the investigative interest in popular cultures, public art, or art in the context of community, that generate questions of identity, memory, heritage and cultural heritage, among other things, escaping from the centralization of hegemonic concepts on what is 'art', or certain notions of what should be taught in terms of art. The text presents an example of how four students of the Bachelor of Visual Arts at the Federal University of Goiás - Brazil - in 2006 faced these challenges promoting the contribution of the experience of the student, family and the community to  plan lessons connecting museum and school education. Keywords: Teacher training, Art Education, Art, Culture, Heritage.

Catalase expression impairs oxidative stress-mediated signalling in Trypanosoma cruzi

Trypanosoma cruzi is exposed to oxidative stresses during its life cycle, and amongst the strategies employed by this parasite to deal with these situations sits a peculiar trypanothione-dependent antioxidant system. Remarkably, T. cruzi's antioxidant repertoire does not include catalase. In an attempt to shed light on what are the reasons by which this parasite lacks this enzyme, a T. cruzi cell line stably expressing catalase showed an increased resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) when compared with wild-type cells. Interestingly, preconditioning carried out with low concentrations of H2O2 led untransfected parasites to be as much resistant to this oxidant as cells expressing catalase, but did not induce the same level of increased resistance in the latter ones. Also, presence of catalase decreased trypanothione reductase and increased superoxide dismutase levels in T. cruzi, resulting in higher levels of residual H2O2 after challenge with this oxidant. Although expression of catalase contributed to elevated proliferation rates of T. cruzi in Rhodnius prolixus, it failed to induce a significant increase of parasite virulence in mice. Altogether, these results indicate that the absence of a gene encoding catalase in T. cruzi has played an important role in allowing this parasite to develop a shrill capacity to sense and overcome oxidative stress.CNPq-Brazil (Universal)CNPq-Brazil (INCTV)PRONEXNewton Fund/FAPEMIGFAPESPUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Bioquim & Imunol, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Bioquim & Biol Tecidual, Campinas, SP, BrazilFiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Large-scale transcriptome analyses reveal new genetic marker candidates of head, neck, and thyroid cancer

A detailed genome mapping analysis of 213,636 expressed sequence tags (EST) derived from nontumor and tumor tissues of the oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, and thyroid was done. Transcripts matching known human genes were identified; potential new splice variants were flagged and subjected to manual curation, pointing to 788 putatively new alternative splicing isoforms, the majority (75%) being insertion events. A subset of 34 new splicing isoforms (5% of 788 events) was selected and 23 (68%) were confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR and DNA sequencing. Putative new genes were revealed, including six transcripts mapped to well-studied chromosomes such as 22, as well as transcripts that mapped to 253 intergenic regions. in addition, 2,251 noncoding intronic RNAs, eventually involved in transcriptional regulation, were found. A set of 250 candidate markers for loss of heterozygosis or gene amplification was selected by identifying transcripts that mapped to genomic regions previously known to be frequently amplified or deleted in head, neck, and thyroid tumors. Three of these markers were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR in an independent set of individual samples. Along with detailed clinical data about tumor origin, the information reported here is now publicly available on a dedicated Web site as a resource for further biological investigation. This first in silico reconstruction of the head, neck, and thyroid transcriptomes points to a wealth of new candidate markers that can be used for future studies on the molecular basis of these tumors. Similar analysis is warranted for a number of other tumors for which large EST data sets are available.Univ São Paulo, Fac Med, Inst Psiquiatria, Neurosci Lab,Dept Psiquiatria, BR-05403010 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim, BR-05403010 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Lab Bioinformat, Inst Quim, BR-05403010 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Disciplina Oncol, Dept Radiol, BR-05403010 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Mol Endocrinol Lab, Dept Med & Morfol, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Canc AC Camargo, Dept Cirurg Cabeca & Pescoco & Otorrinolaringolog, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Lab Biol Mol & Genom Hemoctr, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Lab Genom & Expressao, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, Inst Biociencias, Araraquara, SP, BrazilFac Med Sao Jose Rio Preto, Dept Biol Mol, Sao Jose de Rio Preto, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Escola Farm, Dept Ciencias Biol, Araraquara, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Mol Endocrinol Lab, Dept Med & Morfol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Acetylcysteine for Prevention of Renal Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Angiography Main Results From the Randomized Acetylcysteine for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Trial (ACT)

Background-It remains uncertain whether acetylcysteine prevents contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Methods and Results-We randomly assigned 2308 patients undergoing an intravascular angiographic procedure with at least 1 risk factor for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (age >70 years, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, or hypotension) to acetylcysteine 1200 mg or placebo. The study drugs were administered orally twice daily for 2 doses before and 2 doses after the procedure. The allocation was concealed (central Web-based randomization). All analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle. The incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (primary end point) was 12.7% in the acetylcysteine group and 12.7% in the control group (relative risk, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.25; P = 0.97). A combined end point of mortality or need for dialysis at 30 days was also similar in both groups (2.2% and 2.3%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 1.69; P = 0.92). Consistent effects were observed in all subgroups analyzed, including those with renal impairment. Conclusions-In this large randomized trial, we found that acetylcysteine does not reduce the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury or other clinically relevant outcomes in at-risk patients undergoing coronary and peripheral vascular angiography.Ministério da Saúde do BrasilBrazilian Ministry of Healt